The purpose of present research was to recognition of universities social participation strategies with Local Communities in Semnan province and university of Semnan. Research method was mixed (quantitative and qualitative). Qualitative part was based on Grounded theory which its process administered through three stages of open, axial and selective coding using deep interview with experts. For this purpose, through purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation, semi – structured interview was administered with 13university internal stakeholders and 16 external stakeholders who were familiar with university social participation. Qualitative part is based on affirmative factor analysis which 385 person were selected as sample size. Finding from data analysis revealed 20 concepts and functions that through filtration and repetitive issues, 20 saturated concepts were recognized which are categorized in 10 items in a paradigmatic model of research showing strategic university social participation factors including: developing university mission based on local community needs, scientific work shop and conferences, participatory research contracts, employment of local human resources, establishing local participation, building non – governmental communities and corporations, directing teaching and research toward solving Semnan problems, supervising research activities, comprehensive studies in the field of minerals, staring work shop for farmers, study graduates employment, start and developing new fields of study based on province and region needs, educating citizens about production and separation of domestic disposals, open university social climate for growth and supply of youth, teaching hand crafts to housewife's, especially in rural areas, sensitive programs related to environment, and reviewing educational contents based on community needs. Also, finding of quantitative parts confirm recognized strategies.

The main purpose of this study is the meta-synthesis of effective signaling to internal and external stakeholders. This is developmental research that is qualitative in terms of data nature, and documentary-meta-synthesis in terms of data collection. The CASP-Critical Assessment Skills Program is used for evaluating articles. For 72 selected articles from valid scientific databases, the process of extracting information from the results and analysis of these articles was performed, Finally, 48 articles were approved and screened. By examining the backgrounds and models of the approved articles, a conceptual model is resulted based on the achieved codes and categories. The company gives different signals to its target audience with its different actions and chosen signaling mix. Receivers of signals can be a group of internal and external stakeholders of the company depending on the company's signaling goals and signals sent by the company’, s signaling mix. According to research articles, the focus is more on some kind of signals and also some stakeholders as receivers,For example, companies generally target their external stakeholders, especially the customer and competitor. On the other hand, the repetition of signaling to internal stakeholders is less among the studies. The emphasis of this study is on effective signaling to stakeholders, because the company tries to signal the true quality of itself and also decreases the gap between intended signals and perceived signals by receivers. The characteristics of the signals and the signaling process, in general, can determine the effectiveness of the signals and signaling itself.

Ophthalmomyiasis is pathology of eye due to presence of fly larva, which rarely occurs in the world, and most cases has been reported in developing countries. These days incidence of Ophthalmomyiasis has been decreased in Iran. Most cases of Ophthalmomyiasis caused by presence of fly Larvae Oestrus Ovis.In summer 2011, a fourty year old rural woman with a good hygine presented to Ophthalmology department of Rouhani Hospital. She had no background of any disease.After physical examination External Ophthalmomyiasis was diagnosed. all seven larva has been removed, Topical antibiotic and corticosteroid were prescribed for daily use. Two days later in follow up the eye was asymptomatic.

With a specific focus on youth non-governmental organizations in Isfahan province, this paper aims to demonstrate the way in which the NGOs, while maintaining their relationship with the government, ensure accountability not only to the government but also to their primary beneficiaries, namely, the society. This study utilized the grounded theory method and conducted in-depth interviews with 33 secretaries from youth centers in Isfahan province. The research findings reveal that NGOs uphold accountability towards various stakeholders through specific procedures. The multitude and variety of stakeholders' interests, which are often in conflict with each other, along with the constraints imposed by government agencies on NGOs, turns the process of floating the accountability into a strategy for creating a balance between the various axes of accountability and multiple layers of interests, and especially reserving downward accountability.

Background: Following the shortage of medical staff and lack of facilities, the integration policy was implemented in 1984 in Iran, and the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education was formed. This policy, like any other policy, has many strengths and weaknesses in the medical and non-medical fields. However, despite the significance, scope, and depth of this policy, a limited number of studies have addressed the policy, and most of the studies in this field have investigated and reported the consequences of the implementation of the integration policy and the extent to which its goals have been realized in Iran. Thus, to fill this research gap, the present study aimed to analyze the perspective of external stakeholders, mainly officials and non-medical faculty members, about the policy of integrating medical education into the service delivery system.Methods: In this qualitative study, 9 experts from non-medical universities were interviewed. Overall, after interviewing 6 faculty members, the collected data reached the saturation point and no new information was obtained. However, three more interviews were conducted to ensure the credibility of the data. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews via two group video conference sessions and several individual sessions using telephone calls. Each group interview lasted 120 to 150 minutes and each interview lasted 20 to 30 minutes. The interviews were recorded and transcribed word by word for analysis.Results: The analysis of the collected data revealed four subcategories including (1) fragmentation of higher education, (2) wastage of resources, (3) ineffective execution of national higher education policies in the healthcare sector, and (4) disruption of the convergence of sciences. Each subcategory consisted of several primary codes.Conclusion: The findings highlighted the need to analyze external stakeholders’ attitudes toward the policy of integrating medical education and explore its advantages and disadvantages at a macro level. The data also revealed significant damages made to science and technology and the need for a well-defined roadmap to preserve policy achievements and minimize the significant damages incurred due to the disintegration of medical education from other disciplines.

Today, Sport Clubs are compelled to stay in the competitive market by satisfying the expectations of their customers in line with their assets. "The Quotient reputation", in this context, can provide the necessary ground. So, the purpose of this study, in addition to the introduction of the reputation, was investigated the impact of reputation Clubs model on the customers' expectations. The population consists of 1300 customer of Kermanshah province clubs (according to statistics of the Department of Physical Education) that a sample was set on 367 of people by Kersey-Morgan table. Two questionnaires were used to collect data: the Quotient reputation questionnaire contains 20 questions (α =0. 81) and customer expectations questionnaire contains 18 questions (α =0. 83); that its validity by 10 tons of sports management and marketing was confirmed. The findings, based on six factors (emotional appeal, products and services, vision and leadership, location and working environment, social responsibility and environmental and financial performance) in the sports clubs were classified reputation, of which only operating attractions emotional and environmental responsibilities could not impact on customers' expectations. Accordingly, the managers to meet the expectations of customers need to pay attention to factors affecting it and created new strategy in the field of business reputation of the club because the club reputation of the club has an important impact on our customers' expectations.

Stakeholder analysis is essential in any adaptive comanagement. In the meantime, different words are used to name and separate stakeholders. The main purpose of this article is to clarify the term of stakeholder and their types in good governance of natural resources (water, issues of natural habitats, and environmental problems). By applying a descriptive-analytic method, the paper identifies the semantic difference among the word of stakeholders and those such as beneficiaries and authorities. It then divides the stakeholders into two main categories and 11 groups. The findings of the study indicate that the lack of proper vocabulary, coupled with a misunderstanding or limited understanding of the term of natural resources’ stakeholders, alone is sufficient to defeat plans of or to destroy natural resources. It also argues that nowadays the discussions of stakeholder analysis and stakeholder engagement are important because balancing the dissimilar needs, desires, and expectations by different stakeholders is more important than ever, and of course, it has become more complex. As a result, identifying, analyzing, and engaging stakeholders is the basis of participatory management and sustainable conservation. Finally, there is a need for open policies to attract stakeholder engagement.

Background and objectives: Rangelands are considered as the most basic element of sustainable development of the environment and ecological phenomena. Additionally, it plays a major role in production and sustainable rural development. It also has a key role in preventing soil degradation and groundwater storage. In recent years, rangelands of Iran have not proper condition due to destruction by climate change and drought, as well as grazing pressure. Therefore, providing effective strategies for rangeland management and sustainability seems necessary and will lead to long range stability and sustainability of rangeland areas. In this study, using SWOT analysis, strategies and solutions for sustainable development of rangelands in Kalaleh city of Golestan province were investigated. Methodology: A survey and documentary method was used to collect data and information. The statistical population of this study was experts familiar with the rangeland management in Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan province and Kalaleh city. The sample size was determined by available and non-random sampling method and 26 experts participated in this study. After designing the questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and validation using the opinion of experts and specialists, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the level of reliability that obtained 0. 84 and showed the proper reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the data and determine the most important strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, the SWOT model was used. SWOT model is one of the most important and powerful tools for strategic management that is used in the process of external and internal analysis and the creation of proper strategies. In SWOT analysis, internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were examined and then strategies and solution for sustainable development of rangelands were designed. Results: According to the results of this research, the average age and work experience of experts participating in the study were 41. 3 and 13. 1 years, respectively and more than half of them had a master's degree. According to the results, "large area of rangelands" with a weight coefficient of 0. 0498 is the most important strength of rangelands from the viewpoint of the experts and then there are "indigenous knowledge to rehabilitate and protect rangelands" and "the willingness of stakeholders to participate in the implementation of projects and rangeland management", respectively. But the most important weakness of rangelands was "traditional livestock system depends on rangeland forage" with a coefficient weight of 0. 0486. Also, "the presence of unauthorized stakeholders in the rangelands and reduction of ownership area for livestock grazing" and "reducing the percentage of class I plants and rangeland production" are the next priority weaknesses, respectively. According to the findings, "improving the perspective of multi-purpose use of rangelands" is the most important opportunity for sustainable development of rangelands from the viewpoint of the experts and the most important threat is "climate change and reduction of water resources in rangelands". The final score of internal and external factors was 2. 569 and 2. 102, respectively that shows the superiority of strengths over weaknesses and threats over opportunities. Thus, the strategy of sustainable development of rangelands was determined as competitive strategy (ST). Conclusion: Results of this study shows that incentives plan to attract private sector investment Ecotourism, medicinal plants, various livestock products thus implementation of multi-purpose use of rangelands increasing the budget of Natural Resource Departments, improving infrastructure, educational and medical facilities in rural areas were considered as competitive strategies. Participation of local communities in sustainable rangeland management needs workshops, training and extension classes. Also, by providing the necessary facilities, the conditions for the development of the region, private sector investment and diversification of the livelihood of the rural residents should be provided.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify and explain the dimensions of the organizational attractiveness of sport sciences departments and faculties of Iranian national universities from the perspective of undergraduate students.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and in the form of thematic analysis. The statistical population includes undergraduate students in sport sciences departments and faculties of national universities. The sampling method was purposeful and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 participants until theoretical saturation. The coding technique was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed   that the organizational attractions of sport sciences faculties include three main themes: structural, conceptual, technology and innovation, which include 16 sub-themes and 65 concepts.Conclusion: This research can help managers and officials of Faculties and universities to understand the perspective of undergraduate students as external stakeholders, so they can provide better understanding for attracting them and creating, promoting and maintaining well-known organizational attractions.